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Lattice energy depends on two factors:
1. Ion Size
Small ions
are close to each other and exhibit stronger attraction.
When charges are same,
smaller ions have higher L.E.
LiCl
versus NaCl
The charges
are the same (+1 & -1)
Since Li+1
is smaller than Na+1, LiCl has greater L.E.
2. Ion Charge
Ion with
higher charges exhibit stronger attraction.
When size is similiar,
higher charges lead to higher L.E.
KCl
versus CaCl2
K+1
and Ca+2 are similiar in size (same period
next to each other).
Since Ca+2
has higher charge, CaCl2 has greater L.E.