Lattice Energy
Energy required to completely separate solid ions into one mole of gaseous ions.


 
Compound
 Ions
 L.E. (kJ/mol)
LiCl
Li+1    Cl-1
  845
NaCl
Na+1   Cl-1
  787
KCl
K+1     Cl-1
  709
LiF
Li+1     F-1
 1033
CaCl2
Ca+2    Cl-1
 2258
AlCl3
Al+3     Cl-1
 5492
CaO
Ca+2    O-2
 3401
Al2O3
Al+3     O-2
15916

Lattice energy depends on two factors:

1. Ion Size
        Small ions are close to each other and exhibit stronger attraction.
      When charges are same, smaller ions have higher L.E.
 
    LiCl  versus  NaCl
        The charges are the same (+1 & -1)
       Since Li+1 is smaller than Na+1,  LiCl has greater L.E.
 

2. Ion Charge
        Ion with higher charges exhibit stronger attraction.
      When size is similiar, higher charges lead to higher L.E.
 
      KCl  versus  CaCl2
        K+1 and Ca+2 are similiar in size (same period next to each other).
      Since Ca+2 has higher charge, CaCl2 has greater L.E.